Device and method for cross-referencing

ABSTRACT

A sample, embedded in a paraffin block, is placed on a tissue cassette which carries a label which may be a bar code. When the sample is processed, the cassette is given to a microtome operator who scans the label. Scanning causes information to be displayed on a screen and the operator verifies that what is on the screen matches what was on the label. The paraffin block is then placed in a microtome chuck and sections are cut from the block. A number of slide labels related to the cassette label are printed for the sections. If the operator does not verify that the information displayed on the screen matches the information on the cassette label and/or does not place the paraffin block in the microtome chuck within an allocated time interval after scanning the cassette label, dispensing and labeling of slides and/or operation of the microtome is prevented.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.12/296,830 filed Apr. 17, 2009, which claims priority to AustralianPatent Application No. 2006901906 filed Apr. 11, 2006, and the benefitof U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/744,632 filed Apr. 11,2006.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a. system, device and method forcross-referencing sample holders on which tissue samples are to bedisposed and a support of an associated tissue sample.

BACKGROUND

Accurate identification of samples within a laboratory is vital tocorrectly linking a diagnosis to a patient. The correlation of tissuesample sections, such as thin tissue sections on a microscope slide,with the tissue sample support, such as a paraffin-embedded tissue blockfrom which the sections were obtained, is critical to accurate analysisand diagnosis.

Typically, the workflow within a histology laboratory is as follows:

A biopsy sample is delivered in a container by courier from a doctor'ssurgery. The sample container is given an accession ID relevant to thelaboratory, and is then passed on to the cut-up (grossing) area. Here,the sample is removed from the container, and cut up to excise pieces ofinterest. The pieces of interest are placed into one or more tissuecassettes, which are uniquely labelled to link them to the accession ID.Any remaining specimen tissue is returned to the initial container forstorage.

The tissue cassettes are batched into a collection basket, and whensufficient are available they are placed into a tissue processor wherethe tissue pieces are infiltrated with wax to support the tissues andallow cutting of thin sections (eg 2-10 microns) at the microtome. Thecollection basket is transferred to the embedding work-station. Here,working on a single cassette at a time to minimize errors, tissue piecesare removed from the cassettes and placed into a mould. Molten wax ispoured into the mould, and the tissue cassette base, which carries theidentification information, is placed on the top of the mould. When themould is cooled, a tissue block is produced in which the paraffin holdstogether the cassette base and the embedded pieces, allowing foridentification of the tissues embedded in the paraffin block.

The embedded tissue block is passed to the microtome operator, whoplaces identification information relating to the tissue block onto oneor more microscope slides, as necessary, and then places the block intothe microtome chuck. Thin sections (eg 2-10 microns) are cut from theblock and transferred onto the identified microscope slides,traditionally by floating the paraffin sections onto a water-bath andthen scooping them up with the microscope slide.

Slides are then batched into a drying rack, transferred into a stainingrack and placed into a staining mechanism, where features of the tissuesare stained in various colours. Once stained, the slides have a thinglass coverslip applied to protect the tissue and improve the opticalproperties of the slide for viewing in a microscope. At this point, theslides are ready to pass to a pathologist for diagnosis.

However, due to the possibility of identification errors in the aboveprocess, two further time-consuming steps are required. Firstly, amachine printed label is applied. It is usual that the initialidentification markings placed on the slide by the microtome operatorare handwritten in pencil. Pencil markings are used because they areresistant to the chemicals used in slide staining. Unfortunately,hand-written pencil markings are often hard to read and are notsmudgeproof, and so after staining it is common to apply amachine-printed label to the slide to provide an easily read andsmudgeproof identification. The application of a label at this stepallows for human error in identifying the sample.

Secondly, slides and tissue blocks are collated to reduce identificationerrors. In this step, a human operator examines each and every slide andtissue block to verify that the tissue on the slide does indeed comefrom the tissue block that the label identifies it as coming from, andthat the tissue in the block is of the correct type and size asexpected. This collation step is labour intensive and providessignificant delays in diagnosis. Finally, after collation, tissue blocksare filed and slides can be distributed to pathologists for diagnosis.

In general, errors may arise anywhere where a sample is moved from onecontainer to another, where sections are taken from the sample, or whena sample is re-labelled. As can be seen, in the above processingworkflow five separate identification steps, and a checking step arerequired;

-   -   1. Tissue samples arrive in containers and an accession ID is        attached to the container.    -   2. The tissue is removed from the container, out up and the        pieces are placed into cassettes—the cassette IDs are required        to identify not only the sample from which the pieces come, but        also the part of the sample to which they relate.    -   3. Processed tissues pieces are embedded into a paraffin tissue        block, and the cassette ID is transferred to the tissue block by        attaching the base of the cassette to the paraffin mould.    -   4. At the microtome, sections are cut from the samples and are        placed onto microscope slides. The slides need to be marked in        such a way as to identify the sample from which they came,        usually by copying the cassette identifying marks onto the slide        in pencil by hand. Multiple cassettes may be used per sample,        and multiple slides can be required per cassette.    -   5. After staining, the hand-written slides are re-labelled with        machine-printed labels.    -   6. A final collation step is required to ensure that the stained        tissues on the slides, and the embedded tissues in the tissue        block, match with the accessioned tissue sample.

Identification errors may occur at any one of these steps.

Furthermore, a consequence of the error-prone nature of current slideidentification practices is that slide identification is not guaranteeduntil after staining—pre-stained slides contain sections that are sothin as to be optically transparent, and so features required foridentification cannot yet be seen. Therefore collation is necessarilydone after staining.

Automation of processes in a histology laboratory is seen as beneficialto improving quality and reducing turn around time, and can be assistedby automatic identification of the slide, eg using barcoding. Usingcurrent identification practices however, it is not possible to ensureerror-free processing of slides based on machine-readableidentification. Identification errors can only be picked up afterstaining has occurred, and correction of these errors requirestime-consuming and costly re-testing, and involves the use of additionalsample tissue. In many cases, this additional sample tissue may not beavailable.

A number of practices have evolved over the years to address the issueof cross-referencing. These practices include use of paper-based systemsto identify cassette contents at the microtome, wherein a file of papersdetailing the samples are passed along with the cassette and slide.These paper-based systems are generally not used, as transfer of paperrecords is clumsy, requires duplicate copies, and requires complexchoices about workflow, such as whether the paper follows the cassettes,slides, both or neither. Paper-based systems also require additionaldesk space as well as the potential problem of paper records gettingcovered in paraffin and/or chemicals.

A major source of cross-referencing errors in the present process isslide identification. Currently, slide labels are predominantlyhand-written, with the microtome operator transcribing the cassetteidentification information by hand to the slide. This is atime-intensive task with significant potential for human error.Handwriting requires handling of slides, which is especially undesirableas it may transfer skin cells to the slide surface. Additionally,handwriting clearly does not allow for machine-readable information tobe created, and is thus not amenable to automatic identification of theslide.

A number of variations on the above standard workflow have evolved toaddress some of the shortcomings of hand-written labels. One suchmethod, with a similar workflow to handwriting of slides, is to printsticky labels (using, for example, a thermal transfer printer) andhand-apply these labels to the slides. The labels can either be printedat the time of placing the sample on the slide or, alternatively, labelscan be printed in batches beforehand. Application of labels is atime-consuming process that still requires handling of the slides, as noautomatic label applicator yet exists that is used at a microtomestation. Additionally, hand-application of labels is prone to the samehuman-error as hand-writing of slides, in that the human operator canmislabel slides.

Printers have been designed that are capable of printing directly ontoslides using chemical resistant, smudgeproof inks. Such printers areexpensive and bulky, and are not designed for, or suitable for, use atthe microtome station. As a lab cannot generally afford more than one,they are used for printing large batches of slides. Similarly, labelprinters are capable of printing large batches of labels.

Another alternative workflow to that outlined above for handwriting isto use a printer to pre-print batches of slides or labels, anddistribute these slides, labels or pre-labelled slides together with thetissue blocks to the microtome operators. While this batch pre-printingprocess is common, it requires an additional time consuming anderror-prone process of sorting marked slides or labels and allocatingthem, together with the tissue blocks, to the microtome operator.Furthermore, when using batch-pre-printing processes it is impossible toguarantee that the correct number of slides/labels are produced. This isbecause changes to the number of slides required can be made in thegrossing (cut-up), embedding, and sectioning (microtome) stages ofhistology processing. This leads to both wastage of slides and labelsthat have been unnecessarily printed, and also to wasted time where themicrotome operator must either hand-write additional slides, or printfurther slides on the batch printer.

It can be seen that there are problems with all of the above workflows.To date, no complete automated solution to the problem ofcross-referencing of tissue holders and tissue supports has beendeveloped, and no known process provides an automated identificationprior to staining.

The present invention is directed to overcoming or at least alleviatingthe problems associated with the prior art.

SUMMARY

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method forallocating identification information to a tissue holder, the methodcomprising:

identifying information of a tissue support with a device;providing data on a display related to the identified tissue support;verifying, within an allocated time interval after identification of thetissue support at the device, that the identifying information of thetissue support correlates with the data provided by the display, andpreventing application of the identification information to the tissueholder, halting operation of a sectioning station to which the tissuesupport has been applied, or preventing the application of theidentification information to the tissue holder and halting operation ofthe sectioning station, if the correlation of the identifyinginformation of the tissue support with the data provided by the displayis not verified within the allocated time interval after identificationof the tissue support at the device.

In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the first aspectfurther provides that applying the identified tissue support to thesectioning station within the allocated time interval verifies that theidentifying information of the tissue support correlates with the dataprovided by the display.

In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the first aspectfurther comprises applying the tissue support to the sectioning station.

In another embodiment, the method according to the first aspect of theinvention further comprises applying information to the tissue holderthat can be related back to at least a portion of the information of thetissue support.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method forallocating identification information to a tissue holder, the methodcomprising;

identifying information of a tissue support with a device;applying identification information to a tissue holder that can berelated back to at least a portion of the information of the tissuesupport;communicating between the device and a sectioning station;applying the tissue support to the sectioning station, andpreventing application of the identification information to the tissueholder, halting operation of the sectioning station, or preventing theapplication of the identification information to the tissue holder andhalting operation of the sectioning station, if the tissue support isnot applied to the sectioning station within an allocated time intervalafter identification of the tissue support at the device.

In a preferred embodiment, the identification information applied to thetissue holder is substantially identical to the information of thetissue support.

In a preferred embodiment, applying the identified tissue support in thesectioning station within the allocated time interval initiates thedevice applying the identification information to a first tissue holder.

In a preferred embodiment, removal of a tissue holder from the deviceinitiates the device applying the identification information to afurther tissue holder, so long as the identified sample remainspositioned in the sectioning station.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a device forallocating identification information to a tissue holder, the devicecomprising:

a reader for reading an identifier which provides information associatedwith a tissue support for sectioning at a sectioning station;a display for displaying data; anda transfer device for applying identification information to the tissueholder wherein the applied identification is related to the identifierof the tissue support; anda decision system for preventing the application of the identificationinformation to the tissue holder, halting operation of the sectioningstation, or preventing the application of the identification informationto the tissue holder and halting operation of the sectioning station, ifthe information associated with the tissue support is not verified ascorrelating with displayed data related to the identified tissue supportwithin an allocated time interval after identification of the tissuesupport at the device.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a device forallocating identification information to a sample tissue holder, thedevice comprising:

a reader for reading an identifier which provides information associatedwith a tissue support for sectioning at a sectioning station;a transfer device for applying identification information to a tissueholder wherein the applied identification is related to the identifierof the tissue support; anda decision system for preventing the application of the identificationinformation to the tissue holder, halting operation of the sectioningstation, or preventing the application of the identification informationto the tissue holder and halting operation of the sectioning station, ifthe tissue support is not applied to the sectioning station within anallocated time interval after identification of the tissue support atthe device.

In a preferred embodiment, the reader is integrated with the transferdevice.

In one embodiment, the identification information applied to the tissueholder may be derived from the tissue support information. In apreferred embodiment, the identification information applied to thetissue holder is substantially identical to the tissue supportinformation.

In a preferred embodiment, positioning the identified tissue support inthe sectioning station within the allocated time interval initiates thedevice applying the identification information to the first tissueholder.

In a preferred embodiment, removal of an identified tissue holder fromthe device initiates the device applying the identification informationto a further tissue holder, so long as the identified sample supportremains positioned in the sectioning station.

In a further preferred embodiment, the identification information of thetissue support includes instructions for cutting and processing tissuesamples that are to be disposed on the tissue holder.

In still a further preferred embodiment, the device is integrated withthe sectioning station.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method of automatically producing tissueholders according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a depiction of a typical configuration of the invention.

FIG. 3 shows typical identification marks on slides and cassettes.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of multipleidentification devices to a server and optionally to the LaboratoryInformation System (LIS) via a server.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of identificationdevices to other automated apparatus.

FIG. 6 shows an example of tissue support identification informationthat may be displayed to the user.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a tissue holder identification informationthat may be displayed to the user.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of the present invention and their advantages maybe understood by referring to FIGS. 1-7, like numerals being used forlike corresponding parts in the various drawings.

The device and method described hereafter are preferred embodimentsonly, and the present invention is not limited to these preferredembodiments. The arrangement of elements of the device and method inFIGS. 1-7 in no way limits the present invention. It is within thecontemplation of the present invention to arrange or modify elements ofthe device and method in accordance with other design requirements, suchas, the amount of space available to accomplish the device and method ofthis invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides an integratedsystem for producing tissue holders, such as histological slides.

FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method according to a preferred embodimentof the present invention, as related to a histology laboratory. First,in step 101 of FIG. 1, a processed tissue sample is placed in anidentified tissue support to hold it for sectioning. Whilst a cassetteis described as a preferred embodiment of a tissue support, and may beused interchangeably with the term tissue support, it will beappreciated that other tissue supports are within the scope of thepresent invention.

As used herein, the term “tissue sample” refers to a sample that istypically made up of a collection of biological cells and includes, butis not limited to, for example, biopsy samples, autopsy samples,surgical samples, cell smears, cell concentrates and cultured cells,bodily fluids, preparations for imprints, and preparations made frommicro-organisms. The tissue sample generally includes any material forwhich microscopic examination of samples of the material prepared onmicroscope slides is desirable. Preferably, the tissue is human, animalor plant tissue. The tissue sample may be collected for diagnostic,research, teaching or other purposes.

Typically, tissue samples for histological examination are embedded in asupport medium and moulded into standardized blocks. Paraffin wax is aknown and commonly-used as a support medium, however it will beappreciated that other support media, including but not limited to,TissueTek O.C.T., manufactured by Sakura Finetek, ester,microcrystalline cellulose, bees wax, resins or polymers, such asmethacrylates, may also be used as support media. Suitable resins andpolymers, including Araldite 502 Kit, Eponate 12™, Kit, and GlycolMethacrylate (GMA) Kit, are available from Ted Pella, Inc., Redding,Calif.

The prepared tissue support is labelled with an identifier (in histologythis is usually marked on part of a tissue cassette base that isattached to and becomes part of the tissue support). Such identifiersinclude, but are not limited to, handwritten identifiers, printed text,a bar code (1, 2 or 3 dimensional), data glyphs, Optical CharacterRecognition (OCR) code, Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID)tags and e-ink.

Known input and labelling equipment may be used to input the informationand to prepare the identifier on the tissue support. The technicianpreparing the tissue support may input a unique identifier, andadditional information regarding the patient's name, type of sample (eg,what organ the sample came from), the number of samples in the tissuesupport, the number of tissue supports relating to a particularaccessioned sample, the number of slides that are to be made, the teststhat are to be run, the stains which are to be performed or any otherrelevant information, and may print or affix a label containing some orall of the information on the front, or on any non-working surface ofthe cassette. The information may be fixed to the tissue support inmachine-readable form. For example, this information may be provided ina scannable bar code, data glyph, OCR font or RFID tag. Other forms ofstorage, such as magnetic or electronic media, may also be used. Theidentification information may include a code affixed to the tissuesupport that correlates with information about the sample that is storedexternal to the tissue support (for example in the LIS), and the codemay facilitate access to the information.

In step 101 a, the technician who will section the tissue supportidentifies themself and logs on to the sample identification system (forexample by entering in an identifier, or by scanning an identity badge).Data relating to the user activity is stored in the system and allowsfor traceability and quality control data—for example the system can logwhich technician has worked on which tissue supports, and whichworkstation they used. The log-on system also allows a user hierarchy tobe defined, such that some users are able to perform actions on thesystem (for example maintenance tasks, correcting data) that are notallowed by other users. The user remains logged on to the system untilthey log out, which may require an action on the part of the user, ormay be automatic if the system has remained idle for a period of time.Preferably, no identified tissue holders can be printed by the systemunless a user is logged in. A maintenance mode allows override ofcommands, and maintenance activities may be logged.

In step 102, the technician enters the tissue support identifier intothe system. This can be a manual process, in which case the tissuesupport identifier may be entered into the system by the technicianwith, for example, a keypad or touch screen input device, however otherinput devices are within the scope of the present invention. Preferablythe data entry is carried out by the user scanning in a machine-readableidentifier on the tissue support. Scanning of information carried by thetissue support can be achieved using a suitable identification readerknown in the art including, but not limited to bar-code (1, 2 or 3dimensional), data glyphs, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and RFIDreaders. The reader is preferably located in close proximity to thesectioning station, and may be integral with the sectioning station, orthe printer if this is separate from the sectioning station.

At step 103, after the tissue support ID has been entered, informationrelated to the tissue support and the tissue sample it contains isdisplayed to the technician. The displayed information may simplyindicate the tissue support identifier, but may further aid verificationof the identity of the tissue holder and tissue sample by includingadditional information, for example the number and status of relatedtissue supports, the type and number of tissue pieces embedded in thetissue support, images and descriptions of the accessioned sample,patient data, instructions for cutting the tissue in the support, andany other relevant information. An example of the data that may bedisplayed at this step is shown in FIG. 6.

The additional displayed information may be accessed from a remoteLaboratory Information System (LIS), or a local database, or may beencoded along with the tissue support ID (for example, the ID andinformation data may be encoded in a 2-D barcode or RFID chip). Some ofthe displayed information may be inferred from other availableinformation, using laboratory rules. For example, the laboratory mayhave a rule that each time a liver biopsy is received, three slices arecut, with two being positioned on one microscope slide one above theother, and the third positioned on a second slide. If the tissue type isknow, and the laboratory rules are encoded into the device, server orassociated database, it is then possible for the device to infer thattwo slides are required each time a liver biopsy is encountered, anddisplay relevant information about the cutting of the tissues.

In step 104, the user verifies the identity of the tissue support. Thismay be done manually, for example by pressing an appropriate button, keyor area on a touch screen. Alternately, it may be automated by the useof a sensor identifying when the tissue support is loaded in a holdingassembly, such as a microtome chuck. In some cases, both systems may beused. The tissue support may be secured in the holding assembly byseveral prongs, however other means of holding the tissue support, suchas other mechanical means, a vacuum clamp or other such means may alsobe used. Whilst the preferred sectioning station described is amicrotome, it will be appreciated that other devices including, but notlimited to, cryostat microtomes, laser based cutting apparatus and touchpreparation devices are within the scope of the present invention.

The sensor detecting the presence of the tissue support may be remotefrom, or incorporated into, the holding assembly, and may be in the formof an optical, mechanical, electronic, capacitative, inductive, magnetic(eg Hall effect), pressure, thermal, etc. switch that is activated whenthe cassette is in position and deactivated when it is removed. Othermethods and devices for determining the presence of the cassette mayalso be used. The switch may sense the presence of the tissue supportdirectly, or indirectly. For example, the switch may sense the positionof a lever used to open and close the holder assembly, and the presenceof a tissue support may be inferred if the lever is positioned away fromits rest position for a period of time. Preferably, deactivation of thesensor prevents use of the microtome such that the microtome cannotoperate in the absence of a tissue support, and/or prevents the printerfrom dispensing slides (see step 105). In one embodiment, the sensor isan optical imaging system.

In a preferred embodiment, when a tissue support is scanned at step 102,the decision-making system first verifies that there is no tissuesupport currently in the holding assembly. If a tissue support ispresent, the system flags an error and refuses to accept the scannedinformation.

The time interval between the technician identifying the tissue supportto the system and then verifying the identity of the tissue support (forexample by positioning the tissue support in the holding mechanism) isused to ensure accurate identification of the tissue support and thesample therein. If the verification does not occur within apredetermined time-frame, the processing of the tissue support andrelated tissue holders may be stopped automatically. This time limitassists in authenticating that the support identifier is correct, i.e.that it relates to the tissue support that has been positioned in theholding mechanism, and that the tissue support contains the correctsample tissue. For example, if the tissue support identifier is verifiedtoo quickly, it may be assumed that the user has not taken sufficienttime to accurately identify the tissue support and its contents usingthe displayed information, while if the tissue support identifier isverified too slowly it can be assumed that the technician may havebecome distracted and the identity of the tissue support is in doubt.

Preferably, the verification of the tissue support identifier is carriedout between 1 second and 5 minutes after scanning of the tissue supportat the identification reader wherein the system accepts the tissuesupport ID information and proceeds to allow the technician to printslides. More preferably, the verification of the tissue support iscarried out between 1 second and 2 minutes after scanning of the tissuesupport at the identification reader. Even more preferably, theverification of the tissue support identifier is carried out between 1second and 20 seconds after scanning of the tissue support at theidentification reader.

This time interval may be, for example, preset or set by the user or labmanager. The time interval may be of fixed duration, i.e. not adjustableby the user. There may also be a signal, such as a waiting signal, thatalerts the user shortly before the expiration of the time limit.

A decision system, such as a software program or electronic circuit, isused to control the operation of the printer and sectioning station. Thedecision system may receive inputs from the user verifying the identityof the sample, and from a timer, and may use these inputs to identify ifthe identification has occurred within a defined interval. The decisionsystem may generate outputs that can be used to control the action ofthe printer, for example preventing application of the identifier to thetissue holder if the identity has not been verified correctly. Thedecision system may also send a signal to the sectioning station, whichcan be used to preventing or allow sectioning, for example bydisengaging or engaging the drive to a microtome blade.

If the tissue support identity is verified by the method of placing thetissue support into the holding assembly, then consideration has to bemade of the ability of the user to reorient the tissue support whilesectioning a sample. This can be achieved in the following way;immediately the system detects that the tissue support is removed fromthe holding assembly it locks the printer and/or microtome fromoperating, as the support identifier is in doubt. If the system detectsthat a tissue support is placed into the holding assembly within atime-out interval of less than 5 seconds after removal, and preferablyless than 1.5 seconds, then user is required to verify that the tissuesupport is still the same as before (ie the support has been reoriented,rather than replaced). If on the other hand the tissue support isremoved from the holder for a period of time longer than the time-outinterval, then system assumes that the identity of the tissue support isin doubt, and asks the user to re-enter the identity information (forexample by re-scanning the tissue support identifier at the reader).Reorientation may be achieved manually by use of an adjust function,such as an adjust button which locks the ID until adjustment complete,or may be achieved automatically wherein a short timescale change locksthe ID and requires the user to confirm that adjustment is complete.

If the tissue support identity cannot be verified (for example there isa discrepancy between the displayed information and the tissue support)then the technician can note the discrepancy and pass the tissue supportto a supervisor to investigate the source of the error. Alternately, itmay be possible for the supervisor or technician to override the errorand continue processing the sample—such actions would be logged in theserver database.

At step 105 the tissue support ID has been authenticated and the systemis ready to process a given tissue support. On command, the slidedispenser feeds individual unprinted slides to the printer to be markedwith identification information. The required information varies fromlab to lab, but generally includes one or two unique identifiers, aswell as information identifying the source of tissue, and may includeinformation relating to the later processing of the slide, for examplestaining process and antibody information. The slide identificationinformation may be derived from the information on the tissue support,from a link to the LIS, or from some other source. The system thenprints the information to the slides as necessary, printing only thenumber of slides that the technician requires. In a preferredembodiment, the system only allows information to be printed that isrelevant to the identified tissue support.

Suitable printers for use in the present invention include, but are notlimited to, printers that print directly onto glass microscope slides,including printers that have been developed based on a variety oftechnologies—ink-jet (for example using UV or thermally curable inks),thermal transfer, impact printing using an ink-ribbon, or engraving oretching using a stylus or laser. Alternatively, the printer may printonto a label that can be applied either manually or automatically to theslide. The term printing is also intended to encompass the act ofwriting data to an RFD tag which may be affixed to or embedded into theslide, and writing data to media such as other electronic or magneticmemory devices or e-ink. Such alternate media may also be supplied inthe form of a label that can be printed with human readable data. Theprinter may be incorporated into the microtome, or may be separate fromit.

Activation of the slide dispenser may be automatic after a given tissuesupport identification is authenticated (eg the ID is read and thetissue support is placed into the holding assembly within theappropriate timeframe), or it may be under the manual control of thetechnician. The number of slides prepared for a given tissue support maybe determined from an item in the tissue support information or it maybe manually entered or altered by a technician. If more than one slideis required for the given tissue support, the printing of the next slidemay be triggered by the removal of the first identified slide from theslide dispenser, or it may be under the control of the technician.Alternatively, printing of slides may be activated by the user pressingan appropriate button, or by using a graphical user interface (GUI) andslides printed by the user manually entering inputs—this may be achievedin a variety of ways, for example pressing buttons on the device, orclicking on a representation of the slide on the display screen.Printing of slides may be prevented if the tissue support is removedfrom the holding assembly prior to the slide being printed.

In a preferred embodiment, the slide dispenser may be provided with avolume or level sensor (not shown) for sensing when the slide dispenseris running low on slides. This sensor may cause a warning light or othersuitable indicator to notify the technician to replenish the slides. Ina preferred embodiment the printer may access a number of slidedispenser mechanisms that may be loaded with, for example, differentcolours or types of slides. Selection of the slide colour or type may bedetermined from an item in the tissue support information, or from theLIS; it may be inferred from laboratory rules determining the handlingof certain types of tissue samples, or may be under the manual controlof the technician.

The technician may override the default values for the number or colourof slides to be printed. For example, a technician may identify that anadditional slide is required for a sample being sectioned. Alternately,the technician may break a slide prior to picking up a tissue section,in which case the technician would need to reprint an existing slide.The system can be designed to allow for version control on slides, suchthat even when a broken slide is reprinted, it still has a uniqueidentifier. Many coding systems could be used for this, an example beingthat if the slide identifier for the broken slide was A123, then thereplacement slide could be numbered A123.1 to identify that it is areplacement for slide A123. A similar coding system could be used toidentify a replacement that was generated for a slide that was brokenwhen tissue was on it—ie to identify that both the slide and tissuesection are being replaced.

The printed slides may either be manually picked-up as they exit theslide dispenser, or an accumulating extension can be added to the exitconveyor to increase capacity. In a preferred embodiment, only a singleslide is available to the technician at any time.

In step 106 the tissue is sectioned. After loading of the tissue supportinto the holding assembly thin sections of tissue are cut, and forparaffin-embedded tissues the sections are generally floated onto awater bath to remove wrinkles.

In step 107 the tissue sections are then mounted onto tissue holders(such as a glass microscope slide from step 105) that have beenidentified as relating to the tissue support. With paraffin-embeddedtissues this generally involves using the microscope slide to removesections from a water bath. Often more than one section is placed onto asingle slide, and in a preferred embodiment, in step 104 a instructionsand/or images relating to the way in which sections are to be cut andpositioned on the slide are shown on the display device along with theidentification information (an example of data that may be displayed atstep 104 a is shown in FIG. 7). In a cytology or haematology environmentstep 107 would relate to the deposition of a thin layer of cells onto ona microscope slide, for example using a smear or touch preparation.

In step 108 the user indicates to the system that the sectioning of atissue support is complete. This may be when the tissue support isremoved from the holding mechanism, or may be some other form, forexample the user pushing a button on the device, scanning a furthertissue support or by manual data entry such as the user entering theidentification information for another tissue support. In a preferredembodiment, when the user indicates to the system that sectioning iscomplete, this causes the data that was displayed at stage 103 and 104 ato be removed from display, and preferably prevents the printer fromprinting new slides, and prevents the microtome mechanism from operatinguntil anther support ID is verified.

In step 109 the tissue support can now be filed, as it is not requiredfor cross-referencing with the slides. The slides produced according tothe present invention may then be processed by staining at step 110,coverslipping at step 111 and sorted at step 112 for distribution to,for example, a pathologist for analysis and/or diagnosis at step 113.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the device 3 according to a preferredembodiment of the present invention comprises slide dispenser 2 andtissue support reader 4 (eg bar-code reader, OCR reader, RFID reader andthe like) a printer 6 and display screen 12. In a preferred embodimentthe device is linked to a Lab Information System 13 via a server 5 thathandles the communication between the LIS and one or more devices, andmay be arranged to contain information relating to the Laboratory rulesfor handling tissue samples. The device 3 may be freestanding as shownin FIG. 2, may be connected to the microtome (not shown) or may beintegral with the microtome (not shown). The display screen 12 may beintegral to the device (not shown).

The tissue support reader 4 is preferably located in close proximity tothe microtome station, and may be integral with the microtome station.Alternatively, the tissue support reader 4 may be a hand-held devicesuch as a scanner (not shown). A tissue support identifier 20 isassociated with the tissue support 22. The tissue support identifier 20may be, for example, attached to, be integral with, or attached via acarrier to the tissue support 22. The tissue support identifier 20 isshown as a barcode, but it will be appreciated that the identifier 20may be any suitable markings or devices including, but not limited to,any combination of hand written identifiers, printed text, a bar code(1, 2 or 3 dimensional), data glyphs, Optical Character Recognition(OCR) code, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and e-ink.

Slides may be manually loaded into slide dispenser 2. Slide dispenser 2may be a vertical canister mounted directly over printer 6. The slidedispenser 2 may have more than one container for slides 18 (forillustration purposes four are shown in FIG. 2), which may containdifferent types or colours of slides. Alternately, slides may be enteredinto a dispenser in pre-loaded cartridges that have already been filledwith slides. Slide dispenser 2 releases one slide 18 for each printcycle and printer 6 prints slide identifier 16 on slide 18. The slideidentifier 16 may be, for example, attached to, be integral with, orattached via a carrier to the slide 18. The slide identifier 16 is shownas a barcode, but could be any suitable marking or device including, butnot limited to any combination of printed text, a barcode (1,2 or 3dimensional), data glyphs, OCR code, RFID tags and e-ink. The slideidentifier 16 need not be of the same form as the tissue supportidentifier 20.

Printer 6 transfers ID information to the slide identifier 16 by, forexample, labelling/direct printing/writing to an RFID chip in the slideetc. based on the information scanned from the tissue support identifier20. In addition, the slide identifier 16 may be coded with informationregarding the tissue sample, and may further include informationregarding the sample slice sequence where several sample slices aretaken (e.g., “slice 1 of 3”), and may further include processinginstructions for the slide 18. Furthermore, information can also benoted on slide—for example, if a slide containing tissue is broken, thenan additional slide can be printed, and a note can be made that theslide is out of order (eg “slide 4 of 3, replaces slide 2”). Informationprinted on the slide may also include such information as a protocol forstaining. The microscope slide 18 exits printer 6 at slide exit 8.

It will be appreciated that the identifier 20 on the tissue support 22may be different in form to the identification information 16 assignedto the tissue holder 18, for example, in a situation where the tissuesupport 22 originates in an outside laboratory that uses a differentidentification system, such as a different numbering or labellingsystem. Preferably, where the identifier 20 on the tissue support 22 isdifferent to the identification information assigned to the tissueholder 18, a link is provided, such as in the LIS, that correlates theidentifier 20 on the tissue support 22 with the identificationinformation 16 assigned to the tissue holder 18.

The printer 6 interfaces via a communication system 10 with a displayscreen 12, and optionally a sensor 24 located in the microtome 14, andpreferably is provided with a communication path to a server 5 and theLaboratory Information System (LIS) 13. After scanning the tissuesupport identifier 20 using the tissue support reader 4, informationrelating to the tissue and the tissue support 22 may be displayed as avisible read-out for the technician on a display screen 12. Displayscreen 12 may be any suitable display means, including flat-paneldisplays, CRTs, LCD displays, projectors and touch-screens, and may be,for example, part of a fiat-panel or handheld computer. In oneembodiment, a touch-screen is used to display information and tosimultaneously serve as an input means. Other input means, such asscanners (barcode, RFID), keyboards, keypad; foot controls, joysticksetc., may also be used. The display may be integral to the printer 6,and further the printer 6 may additionally be integrated into themicrotome 14.

In an embodiment, the device 3 applies material and/or data comprising aunique identifier, such as a pre-printed label or RFID tag, forplacement onto slides whereupon the unique identifier is correlated toinformation in an LIS, or information held on a database resident on anautomated staining device such as a Bondmax instrument sold by theapplicant. This approach provides reduced complexity and cost as noprinter or writer is required.

In a preferred embodiment, the printer 6 creates human andmachine-readable markings onto the slide 18 using an inkjet, directthermal or thermal transfer mechanism. Preferably, an ink is used thatprovides that the markings are resistant to the chemicals used withinhistology processing. Alternately, a surface preparation may be appliedto the slide frosting prior to printing to ensure a chemical bondbetween the ink and slide—in the case of thermal transfer inks thiscoating may be formed using standard label coating media such as PET,PVC, PVA, BOPP, Kimdura, polyimide or other suitable materials known inthe art. In an embodiment, the ink comprises a standard ink, eg a water,solvent, wax, resin or wax/resin ink, and the markings are protected bythe addition of a chemical resistant coating over the top of the ink.Preferably, the coating is optically transparent, and may be formed bydepositing a suitable coating followed by rapid curing by, for example,heat, UV, infra-red (IR), e-beam or a combination of these. Alternately,printing may be made onto a label that is applied to the slide. In apreferred embodiment the printing is carried out by thermal transferprinting a mirror-image of the desired information onto the back surfaceof a transparent label material. This back surface is then laminatedonto the slide such that the ink is protected from the chemicalenvironment by the transparent surface.

It is preferred to allow the technician to modify system parameters, forexample by operating controls on the printer 6 or the display screen 12.For instance, the technician may have the ability to modify the numberof microscope slides 18 printed. The invention also allows thetechnician to make real-time adjustments to the data relating to theslide and slide identification as stored within a database (for examplethe LIS, a database on the server 5, or a database on a staininginstrument such as the BondMax instrument sold by the applicant), sothat real-time information is available for later slide processing.

In a preferred embodiment, the printer 6 of the present inventioninterlocks to the identified tissue support 22 and to the LaboratoryInformation System (LIS) 13 such that only information regarding thecurrently identified tissue support 22 is available to the technician.The user validates the information against the tissue support 22, andpositions the tissue support 22 into the chuck 26 in the microtome 14for sectioning.

Preferably, following clamping of the tissue support 22 in the microtomechuck 26, the presence of the tissue support 20 in the microtome chuck26 is detected by a sensor 24, such as an optical, mechanical, magneticetc. sensor.

The time interval between the user entering the tissue supportidentifier 20 into the system (for example by scanning at the reader 4)and validating the information (for example validation may be indicatedby positioning the tissue support in the chuck 26) is used to ensurethat the data is correct. If the tissue support ID is not verifiedwithin a predetermined timeframe, the printer 6 and/or microtome 14 willlock until a tissue support ID is entered again. In this way, printingof slides and/or processing of the block may be stopped automatically ifthe tissue support ID is in question.

Preferably, the tissue support ID 20 is verified between 1 second and 5minutes after entering of the tissue support identifier 20 into thesystem, whereupon the system accepts the tissue support ID 20 and allowsthe operator to to print a slide IS. More preferably, the tissue supportID 20 is verified between 1 second and 2 minutes after scanning of thetissue support ID 20 at the tissue support identification reader 4. Evenmore preferably, the tissue support ID 20 is verified between 1 secondand 20 seconds after scanning of the tissue support ID 20 at the tissuesupport reader 4. The time interval may be, for example, preset or setby the user or lab manager.

The tissue support ID 20 must be verified before it can be processed. Inthe event a tissue support's identification cannot be read, or theverification is in doubt, then the processing sequence may be stoppedautomatically. In another embodiment, the technician or a supervisor maybe able to correct any incorrect data, or override the system andcontinue the process despite the tissue support identification error.

In a preferred embodiment, the printing of the first slide is triggeredby placing of the tissue support 22 into the microtome chuck 26 within apre-determined time interval of the tissue support ID 20 having beenscanned at the tissue support reader 4. Once the first slide 18 has beenprinted, it is presented to the technician at the slide output 8. Ifmore than one slide is required for the tissue support 22, then it ispreferred that removal of the first slide from the slide output 8triggers the printing of the next slide relating to that tissue support,provided that the tissue support 22 has not subsequently been removedfrom the microtome chuck 26. This process is repeated until all slidesrelating to the tissue support 22 are printed. It is also possible thatthe slide printer 6 has a collection mechanism at the slide output, andthat once printing is triggered all slides relating to the block areprinted.

Once the tissue is sectioned, it is generally floated on water. Thetechnician then brings an identified tissue holder 18, such as amicroscope slide, up under the portion of the floating tissue sectionand captures the full tissue specimen. The slide 18 with sample sectionis then set aside for drying, staining and evaluation, or for variousmolecular, cytological or histochemical analysis.

One preferred embodiment of the connection to the Laboratory InformationSystem is shown in FIG. 4. Here, a communications link connectsidentification systems 1, to a server computer 5, which has a separatecommunications link to the LIS 13. In the drawing two identificationsystems, 1, are shown, but more may be connected as necessary dependingon the size of the laboratory. The server computer 5, has arandom-access local storage device, eg a hard disk drive (not shown)that provides local storage of information remote from the LIS 13.

The local storage allows a variety of different forms of connection tothe LIS 13 to be permitted (eg store-and-forward, direct connection,connection via file transfer). The local storage also allows the serverto store programs and information. The server may be used to modify thedata from the LIS before sending out data for display at the devices.For example, on installation in a laboratory the server may beprogrammed with laboratory rules that determine a variety of informationrelating to the tissue and the identified tissue support. For example,the number of Slides, cutting instructions and required tests may bedetermined from the tissue type, but may not be stored in the LISdirectly. By using data relating to the specific handling of tissues byan individual laboratory, the server may be able to present moredetailed information to the user of the device than is availabledirectly from the LIS.

The server may directly control the display devices 12, of theidentification systems 1, or alternately the display device 12, may becomputer terminals such as flat panel PCs, in which case a computerprogramme running on the display device 12, may connect to the server 5,as required to access its information. By having data stored on acentral server 5, the identification systems 1 can access data relatingto tissue supports and tissue holders that have been used or created onother identification systems, for example showing if a cassette hasalready been sectioned on another system.

In one embodiment, the local storage server 5 may not connect to anexternal LIS 13—this configuration may be used, for example, whensufficient information is available in the support identifier 22 and thelocal storage server 5 to at least enable the automatic generation ofthe slide identifier 16, and the generation of the displayed data forsupport verification. In another embodiment the identification systemsare linked directly to the LIS and no server is used, while in still afurther embodiment the identification systems are used in isolation fromeach other.

The local storage server 5 may be used to track the usage of theidentification systems 1, such that all user activities are logged (forexample, user log-ons, cassette identification, slide printingactivities, maintenance activities, more/less slides used or if slidesare broken). This may allow the generation of reports for qualitycontrol or other purposes.

The local storage on the server 5, also permits a further extension ofthis system, as shown schematically in FIG. 5. Here a number ofidentification systems 1 are connected to a server computer 5 that haslocal storage of information. In addition, data terminals 9, can alsoaccess the server. The server computer 5 is connected to a furthercomputer system 30, and may also be connected to the LIS 13. Thecomputer system 30 controls a number of other pieces of automatedlaboratory equipment, which may include, for example an IHC stainer 31,H&E stainer 32, coverslipper 33, and slide router 34, although furtherequipment may be added as necessary, and more than one of each type ispermitted. The computer system 30 and the server 5, may, in someconfigurations, be the same machine, or there may be more than onecomputer system 30 controlling other equipment.

The data terminals 9 may be used to access the server 5 or LIS 13, forexample, to add instructions. These may be used, for example, by apathologist to request additional testing on a tissue sample, or by asupervisor to update records or print reports on the activity of theidentification systems. This also provides an input for additionalinformation such as logging damaged blocks or blocks requiringreprocessing.

Linking of systems together via a database that logs use data from avariety of sections further provides information on whether a block hasbeen sectioned previously.

Traditionally slides are relabelled before being placed onto anautomated stainer, as the stainer cannot read the data on the slide.With the system shown in FIG. 5, data relating to the machine-readableidentifier on the slide is accessible to the stainers 31 and 32, thecoverslipper 33 and to the slide router 34 by connection through thecomputer system 30. The stainers can therefore access the informationregarding which staining protocol is to be run by accessing theinformation from the server 5 via the computer system 30. The sliderouter is an additional machine that can collect the slides from themicrotome workbench. By reading the machine readable identification onthe slide and linking this to the information stored in the server 5,the slide router can automatically direct slides through to the correctmachine, eg the IHC stainer 31, the H&E stainer 32 or the coverslipper33. The slide router 34, stainers 31 and 32 and coverslipper, 33 may insome cases all be part of the one machine.

Information regarding the tests to be conducted on a particular slidecan be used to identify the path that the slide should take through thelaboratory (eg the stainer that it should be placed on) and can be usedby later automated processing steps as indicated in FIG. 5.

An example of the data that might be made available on the displaydevice 12 is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. It should be noted that this isjust an example of the data that can be presented, and it is possible todisplay all data that can be accessed for the tissue support and tissueholders, eg data from the server or LIS, or that can be inferred fromthe LIS data, server data and the laboratory rules (for example, blocklayout may not be stored in the LIS, but laboratory embedding rules maydictate a particular layout which may be coded into the display system).Data is presented to the technician after the cassette has been scanned.

In FIG. 6 data relating to the tissue support is shown, including at 41a graphical representation of the tissues embedded in the cassette. Datarelating to the tissue type, grossing description and sectioninginstructions are shown at 42. Data relating to associated tissuesupports is shown at 43, and user log-in data are shown at 44.

In FIG. 7, data relating to the tissue holder is shown. At 45, agraphical representation of the slide to be generated is given,indicating tissue ribbons and orientation, plus label data to beprinted. Shown at 46 is data relating to the tissue support from whichthe slides derive, including identifier number, cutting instructions forthe block and the pathologist who will be reporting on the block. At 47is shown data relating to the tests to be performed and slide type touse for this particular slide, while at 48 is shown data relating toother slides to be generated for slides cut from this particular tissuesupport.

By using the information presented in FIG. 6 the technician can readilyverify that the embedded tissues in the tissue support that they havejust scanned are indeed the tissues to which the identifier 20 on thetissue support relates. The information presented in FIG. 7 allows theuser to readily determine what is needed when generating slides from anidentified tissue support. The sectioning instructions shown at 46 canbe used by the technician in preparation of the sectionedtissues—special instructions may be used for example if the pathologisthas requested additional testing. The graphical representation of theslide at 45 can be used as a reminder of the slide layout required, andalso to check that the printed identification information is correctaccording to the required information from the LIS system.

While the invention has been described in connection with preferredembodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in theart that other variations and modifications of the preferred embodimentsdescribed above may be made without departing from the scope of theinvention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in theart from a consideration of the specification or practice of theinvention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification isconsidered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of theinvention being indicated by the following claims.

“Comprises/comprising” when used in this specification is taken tospecify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or componentsbut does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more otherfeatures, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.”

What is claimed is:
 1. An identification method comprising: receiving,by the computer, identification information for a tissue support;outputting, on a screen of the computer, data related to the receivedidentification information; automatically verifying, by the computer,that no other tissue support is currently being identified at aparticular station tied to the computer; and processing, based on theoutput data, a tissue on the tissue support if no errors are detectedduring said verifying, wherein the verifying comprises determining ifsaid other tissue support is currently being identified at theparticular station, and wherein if the determining yields that saidother tissue support is currently being identified at the particularstation, outputting an error indicator.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the particular station is a holding assembly and wherein saiddetermining if the other tissue support is being concurrently identifiedcomprises determining that the holding assembly holds said other tissuesupport that is inconsistent with the identification informationcurrently stored in an identification computer system.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the output data comprises a number of tissue holdersneeded to perform the pathology tests, information specific to thetissue support, and information specific to the tissue holders.
 4. Themethod of claim 3, wherein the information specific to the tissuesupport comprises type of tissue, cutting instruction and grossingdescription, and wherein the information specific to the tissue holderscomprises a number of tissue holders already prepared and a remainingnumber of tissue holders that are to be prepared, test instructions foreach of the tissue holders, type of tissue holder, and type of test toperform for each respective tissue holder.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the output data comprises at least one selected from among: anumber and status of related tissue supports, a type and a number oftissue pieces embedded in the tissue support, images and descriptions ofthe tissue provided in the tissue support, patient data, andinstructions for cutting the tissue provided on the tissue support. 6.The method of claim 1, wherein the output data is obtained from a remotelaboratory information system or encoded along with the identificationinformation.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: analyzing, bythe computer, the received identification information and applying, bythe computer, a predetermined criteria based on the analyzedidentification information to determine the output data.
 8. The methodof claim 7, wherein the output data comprises instructions for saidprocessing, which is based on the received tissue support identificationinformation.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the identificationinformation comprises type of tissue provided on the received tissuesupport identification information and wherein based on the type oftissue, the output data is determined and comprises number of slices toprepare from the tissue provided on the tissue support.
 10. The methodof claim 9, wherein the output data further comprises the number ofslices to be placed on each of a plurality of tissue holders.
 11. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising detecting the tissue support atthe certain station within a predetermined period of time, wherein theprocessing is triggered by the detected tissue support.
 12. The methodof claim 1, wherein the automatically verifying, by the computer, thatno other tissue support is currently being identified comprisesgenerating identification information for a plurality of tissue holdersto hold the tissue by attaching the generated identification informationonto each of the plurality of tissue holders.
 13. The method of claim12, further comprising: receiving the tissue support in a holdingassembly after performing repositioning of the tissue support, if thetissue support is received after a predetermined period of time,re-executing the receiving of the input identification information, theoutputting, and the verifying, and if the tissue support is receivedwithin the predetermined period of time, automatically continuingprocessing of the tissue support without repeating said verification.14. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructionsexecuted by a computer to perform the method of claim
 1. 15. Anidentification and processing apparatus comprising: a reader which readsidentification information for a tissue support; a display whichdisplays on a screen of a computer data related to the readidentification information; and a processor which verifies that no othertissue support is currently being identified at a particular stationtied to the processor, and which generates identification informationfor a plurality of tissue holders, based on the displayed data if noerrors are detected during said verifying, wherein the processorperforms the verification by determining if said other tissue support iscurrently being identified at a particular station, and wherein if theprocessor determines that said other tissue support is currently beingidentified at a particular station, the processor controls the displayto output an error indicator.
 16. The apparatus of claim 15, furthercomprising: a speaker which outputs acoustic notifications, wherein theprocessor output the error indicator to the speaker which provides anacoustic notification representing the error indicator.
 17. Theapparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor provides instructions forperforming pathology tests on the tissue and provides instructions forholding the tissue support with the tissue in a holding assembly duringprocessing, and wherein the processor further determines if the othertissue support is present in the holding assembly based onidentification information currently stored in the apparatus as active.18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the displayed data comprises anumber of tissue holders needed to perform the pathology tests,information specific to the tissue support, and information specific tothe tissue holders.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein theinformation specific to the tissue support comprises type of tissue,cutting instruction and grossing description, and wherein theinformation specific to the tissue holders comprises a number of tissueholders already prepared and a remaining number of tissue holders thatare to be prepared, test instructions for each of the tissue holders,type of tissue holder, and type of test to perform for each respectivetissue holder.
 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the display datacomprises at least one selected from among: a number and status ofrelated tissue supports, a type and a number of tissue pieces embeddedin the tissue support, images and descriptions of the tissue provided inthe tissue support, patient data, and instructions for cutting thetissue provided on the tissue support.
 21. The apparatus of claim 15,wherein the displayed data is obtained by the processor from a remotelaboratory information system or encoded along with the identificationinformation.
 22. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:analyzing, by the processor, the received tissue support identificationinformation and applying, by the processor, a predetermined criteriabased on the analyzed received tissue support identification informationto determine the displayed data.
 23. The apparatus of claim 22, whereinthe displayed data comprises instructions for processing tissue providedon the tissue support based on the received tissue supportidentification information.
 24. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein thereceived tissue support identification information comprises type oftissue provided on the received tissue support identificationinformation and wherein based on the type of tissue, the displayed datais determined and comprises number of slices to prepare from the tissueprovided on the tissue support.
 25. The apparatus of claim 24, whereinthe displayed data further comprises the number of slices to be placedon each of a plurality of tissue holders.
 26. The apparatus of claim 15,further comprising a sensor which detects that the tissue support is ina holding assembly within a predetermined period of time, whereinfurther processing of a tissue is triggered by the tissue supportdetected by the sensor.
 27. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein: theprocessor prepares instructions to attach the identification informationto each of a plurality of tissue holders; the processor preparesinstructions to cut the tissue provided on the tissue support into aplurality of slices, the processor prepares instructions to receive atleast two of the plurality of slices placed onto respective preparedtissue holders, and the processor prepares instructions to perform arespective pathology test on each of the received slices.
 28. Theapparatus of claim 27, further comprising: a sensor which detects thetissue support in a holding assembly after performing repositioning ofthe tissue support, wherein if the tissue support is received after apredetermined period of time, re-executing the receiving of the inputidentification information, the outputting, and the verifying, andwherein if the tissue support is received within the predeterminedperiod of time, the processor automatically continues processing of thetissue support without repeating said verification.